FLAVOR OF SCIENCE

FIRST SECOND OF BIG BANG           At 1 x 10 -43  seconds,            the universe was incredibly small, dense and hot. This homogeneous area of the universe spanned a region of only  3.9 x 10 -34  inches. During this phase, big bang theorists believe, matter and energy were inseparable.The four primary forces of the universe were also a united force.at that time  The temperature of this universe was 1 x 10 32  degrees Kelvin.the quark particles was made during this phase.   At 1 x 10 -35  seconds,           as universe expanded,its cooled and energy and matter decoupled. the universe filled with a nearly equal amount of matter and anti-matter. There was more matter than anti-matter, so while most particles and anti-particles annihilated each other, some particles survived. These particles would later combine to form all the matter in the universe.so you can imagine the amount of matter + anti-matter was produce while big bang. At 1 x 10 -11  seconds,           during

WAY OF THE END OF THE UNIVERSE 1.BIG CRUNCH                      bi g c runch is one of the reasons for the end of our universe. According to this theory, the universe will one day stop expanding. Then, as gravity pulls on the matter, the universe will begin to contract, falling inward until it has collapsed back into a super-hot, super-dense singularity.It starts out small, then expands as it heats.           Big crunch theory depends upon critical density of the universe. 2.BIG RIP            the  Big Rip  is a  hypothetical   cosmological model  concerning the  ultimate fate of the universe , in which the matter of the  universe , from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, and even  spacetime  itself, is progressively torn apart by the  expansion of the universe  at a certain time in the future.           at that time all the galaxies,stars,planets even protons and electrons will go away from one another. 3. BIG FREEZE  

JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE(JWST) INTRODUCTION (credit :NASA)              james webb space telescope is a part of NASA's next generation space telescope program.it is a one kind of space telescope like Hubble space telescope.it is developed in coordination between NASA,the European space agency and the Canadian space agency. Building the telescope has taken Nasa two decades, and launch is expected in 2018.           JWST will offer very high resolution and very high sensitivity from the long wavelength visible light.the JWST primary mirror is made of 18 hexagonal mirror segment and combined mirror size of 6.5 miter diameter. image by:NASA MAJOR GOALS OF JWST ARE AS FOLLOWING: HOW TO GALAXY EVOLVE? HOW STARS AND PLANETARY SYSTEM INTERACT AND SHAPE? WHAT IS SHAPE OF UNIVERSE? WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE DARK MATTER?   HOW DID THE UNIVERSE BUILD UP ITS PRESENT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION?                    The James Webb telescope has been described as a '

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF EARTH INTRODUCTION                      The motions of the liquid iron and nickel outer core of the earth are thought to create the earth’s magnetic field. This magnetic field resembles a dipole as if a giant bar magnet was embedded inside. However, the axis of the dipole is not aligned with the rotational axis of the earth. Neither is it centered in the earth. EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELDS PROTECT US FROM SOLAR WIND AND SPACE RADIATION.            The Sun is a burning ball of gas that reaches such extreme temperatures that gas flies out from it at very high speeds. In fact, many of the electrons in the Sun’s atoms have enough energy to actually leave the atoms. The abandoned charged atoms are called ions. These ions and electrons flow outward from the Sun, and together they are known as the solar wind.           When the solar wind travels with the interplanetary magnetic field, the charged particles and magnetic fields interact with Earth’s magne

WHAT IS SUPERNOVA ?? INTRODUCTION supernova is an very big explosion of star.it is a very big explosion take place in a space. credit : NASA  CAUSES a supernova happens when a change in core or center of a star is occur.a change can occur in two ways, but end of this way is same. TYPE I SUPERNOVA this type of supernova have a absorption line.this line is show that a star do not have any more hydrogen in them.this type of supernova are very bright in sort time.this type of supernova happens when a white dwarf is orbiting a big star. TYPE II SUPERNOVA the absorption line of supernova show that they do have hydrogen in them.a star must have at least 8 times the mass of the sun and no more than 45 times of mass of the sun to undergo this explosion. Supernova: Five Stages in the Death of a Star 1. Just before explosion  A red super-giant star  approaches the end of its  life. There is no more fuel  to burn and make it shine.  Soon its massive dense  core is

KUIPER BELT INTRODUCTION kuiper belt is an area of ou r solar system t hat is e stim ated to stretch across 20 AU of space.it is contains s mall asteroid and some big asteroid size of Pluto.this things made mostl y of ice and other g ases such as ammonia,nitrogen ,m eth ane and water. the kuiper belt ext ends from rough ly the orb it of neptu ne at 30AU to 55AU from sun.the main objects o f th is belt covers much of this r egion .   FAC TS ABOUT THE KUIPER BELT 1. there cou ld be more than a trillion comet nucl ei in the main body of the kuiper belt. 2.the largest kuiper belt family members are pluto, makemake , haumen, lxion, quaoar etc. 3.the ices in the kuiper be lt data back to the formation of sol ar system .   There have been more than a thousand objects discovered in the Kuiper Belt, and it’s theorized that there are as many as 100,000 objects larger than 100 km in diameter. Given to their small size and extreme distance from Earth, the chemical mak

NEUTRON STAR..           Neutron star are create when large stars finished all of fuel and collapse.if you want neutron star, size of the star that's greater than 1.5 sun masses and less than 5 times the mass of the sun.          if the star size is more than 5 times the mass of sun,star will and up as a black hole.but if the star is right in between those masses, it became neutron star.     if the star size is less than 1.5 solar masses,than the star don't have enough material and gravity to compress the object down enough. you only get the white dwarf. this is what will happen to our own sun one day.          the neutron star is formed when the star runs out of own fuel and collapses inward on itself. the protons and electrons of atoms are forced together into neutron star.since the star still has a lot of gravity, any additional material falling into the neutron star is super accelerated by the gravity and turned into identical neutron material.        

OUR CLOSEST GALAXY ANDROMEDA..                 Andromeda  is the largest galaxy in the Local Group, which includes the Milky Way, the Triangulum Galaxy, and dozens of smaller dwarf and irregular galaxies. A recent estimate gave Andromeda 700 billion solar masses. Our Milky Way is only 80% the mass of Andromeda. IMAGE BY :  jpl.nasa.gov                  The Andromeda galaxy was first observed by Persian astronomers, thousands of years ago, and was later cataloged by Charles Messier in 1764. He classified it as M31. In 1912, astronomers calculated its speed to be 300 kilometers per second, moving towards the Sun. Edwin Hubble first calculated the distance to Andromeda, by detecting Cepheid variables in the galaxy. He measured that it was 450 kpc, or 2.5 million light-years away; well outside the Milky Way galaxy.                Recent estimates have calculated that Andromeda Galaxy is about 220,000 light-years in diameter, almost twice the estimate diameter of the Mil

IS TIME TRAVEL POSSIBLE ?? IN TO THE FUTURE...         We cannot avoid moving into our futures, but we  can  control the rate that we move through time. This is a consequence of another lesson from relativity: Not all clocks are the same.  The speed at which you move through space determines the speed at which you move through time. In the succinct phrase: Moving clocks run slow. IF you could build a big enough rocket (don't ask me how, that's an engineering problem) to provide a constant acceleration of 1g (9.8 meters per second per second; the same acceleration as provided by the Earth's gravity at its surface), you could reach the centre of the Milky Way galaxy — a healthy 20,000 light-years away — in just a couple decades of your personal time. You could stop for a few hours, have a picnic near Sagittarius A* (the black hole at the centre of the galaxy), and then hop back into your rocket and come back to Earth. By the time you return you'll be

HOW ATM WORKS WHAT IS ATM?           An ATM is simply a data terminal with two input and four output devices. Like any other data terminal, the ATM has to connect to, and communicate through, a host processor. The host processor is connected to an Internet Service Provider in that it is the gateway through which all the various ATM networks become available to the cardholder (the person wanting the cash).            Most host processors can support either leased line or dial-up machines. Leased line machines connect directly to the host processor through a four-wire, point-to-point, dedicated telephone line. Dial-up ATMs connect to the host processor through a normal phone line using a modem and a toll free number, or through an Internet Service Provider using a local access number via a modem.           Leased line ATMs are preferred for very high volume locations because of their thru-put capability, and dial-up ATMs are preferred for retail merchant locat

ALAN TURING        Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.           he was a British scientist and a pioneer in computer science. During World War II, he developed a machine that helped break the German Enigma code. He also laid the groundwork for modern computing and theorised about artificial intelligence.             Born on June 23, 1912, Turing was part of an upper-middle-class British family involved in colonial India. Science was a passion for young Turing, who often took part in primitive chemistry experiments. Before applying to schools, Turing was already theorizing on relativity and quantum mechanics. Turing machine            A Turing machine i